Beta Carotene
See Vitamin A

Vitamin B1 (Thiamin)
Vitamin B1 or thiamin is essential for a happy and active life, being essential for both energy production and a positive outlook. It is an essential co-factor to the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase which controls the flow of sugar-derived molecules in to the Krebs cycle, a set of chemical reactions that produces 90% of the energy we get from sugar in our diet. Deficiency causes mental depression, memory confusion and impairment in acquiring new information or establishing new memories, and in retrieving previous memories (amnesic syndrome). Pyruvate dehydrogenase produces a compound called acetyl coenzyme A which, as well as entering the Krebs cycle, is also required to manufacture the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Neurotransmitters convey messages around your brain and a deficiency will obviously effect brain function. vitamin C can protect thiamin from being oxidized in some foods.

Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
Enables carbohydrates, proteins, and fats to release energy. B2 is needed for normal reproduction, growth and repair of the skin, hair, nails and joints. It is also important for the immune system, which protects the body against disease. It is known to help prevent migraines, cataracts, sickle cell anemia, rheumatoid arthritis, carpal tunnel syndrome, stress, skin conditions, muscle cramps, certain cell damage and enhances the immune system.

Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
B-3 is needed for proper circulation and healthy skin. It aids the functioning of the nervous system, the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. It also aids in the production of hydrochloric acid for the digestive system and is involved in the normal secretion of bile and stomach fluids. B-3 also aids in the synthesis of sex hormones. B-3 Niacin aids in lowering cholesterol and helps improve circulation. May aid in certain types of mental disorders and may also aid as a memory enhancer. The niacinamide form is used in Maxi formulas to prevent adverse effects caused by niacin such as the niacin flush etc. Symptoms of deficiency may include: canker sores, dementia, depression, diarrhea, dizziness, fatigue, headaches, indigestion, insomnia, limb pains, loss of appetite, low blood sugar, muscular weakness, skin eruptions and inflammation.

Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid)
Known as the anti-stress vitamin, B-5 plays a roll in the production of the adrenal hormones and the formation of antibodies, aids in vitamin utilization, and helps convert fats, carbohydrates and proteins into energy. It is required by all cells in the body and is concentrated in the organs. B-5 is an essential element of coenzyme A, a vital body chemical involved in many necessary metabolic functions. B-5 is also a stamina enhancer and prevents certain types of anemia. This vitamin is needed for normal functioning of the gastrointestinal tract and may also be helpful in treating fatigue, depression and anxiety. Deficiency symptoms may be fatigue, headache, nausea and tingling in the hands.

Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
B-6 is needed by over 100 enzymes involved in protein metabolism. It is also essential for red blood cell metabolism. The nervous and immune systems need B-6 to function efficiently and it is also needed for the conversion of trytophan (an amino acid) to niacin (B-3). Since your body needs B-6 to make hemoglobin and hemoglobin carries oxygen to your cells, B-6 deficiency can result in a form of anemia similar to iron deficiency anemia.

Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)
Also called cobalamin, is important to help maintain health nerve and red blood cells and is also needed to make DNA, the genetic material in all cells. B-12 is bound to protein in food. Hydrochloric acid in the stomach releases B-12 from protein during digestion. Once released, B-12 combines with a substance called intrinsic factor before it is absorbed into the blood stream.

Bilberry Extract
A European version of the blueberry. Bilberry extract is rich in purple/blue pigments having numerous benefits for the eyes and cardiovascular system. Studies have shown that bilberry can reduce or reverse effects of degenerative eye disorders such as macular degeneration. It may have other beneficial effects on capillaries due to the strong antioxidant properties of its anthocyanidin flavonoids.

Biotin
Biotin, a B Vitamin, helps use carbohydrates, fats and protein to produce the energy that allows us stay alive. It also helps to make the tissues that form our bodies. Biotin may be especially beneficial to newborns and people with diabetes.

Boron
The ability to use energy and to think clearly may also depend on boron, but details are poorly understood. Boron appears to affect the metabolism of calcium, magnesium, copper and phosphorous as well as Vitamin D.