Pantothenic Acid
See Vitamin B5

Phosphorous
Because of its powerful contribution to bone health, phosphorous is often regarded as a twin nutrient to calcium. It is a major mineral and so abundant in the body that the average person normally retains about a pound and a half of it. Phosphorous is involved, either directly or indirectly, in nearly every biological or cellular function in the body. Working in tandem with calcium, phosphorous builds and hardens bones and teeth. (The ratio of calcium to phosphorous in bones is two-to-one.) The body relies on phosphorous to create ATP (adenosine triphosphate), a compound that regulates the release of energy stored in cells. In this and other ways, phosphorous plays an important role in transforming proteins, fats, and carbohydrates into fuel. Phosphorous is also needed to help maintain the blood's acid balance, or pH. It helps fats to enter the bloodstream by making them water soluble. It strengthens cells walls, and supports the transport of nutrients and various hormones throughout the body.

Potassium
Problems associated with low potassium levels (hypokalemia) include high blood pressure, congestive heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, palpitations, muscle weakness, hyperthyroid, elevated blood sugar, mental apathy, depression, fatigue, and general weakness, while severe potassium loss can cause death. Temporary loss of potassium can result from profuse sweating (heavy exercise, viral infections), or diarrhea and vomiting, which can also be a concern in infants. Long-term potassium loss may result from working in a hot, humid environment, hormonal and kidney disturbances, prescribed medications or over-the-counter (OTC) remedies, including nutritional supplements (licorice), or high intake of sugar.

Serum potassium does not usually go up with high dietary intake of potassium, so toxicity is not much of a problem in healthy individuals, as the kidneys readily excrete any excess of potassium. Only renalfailure, heart or liver disease, certain drugs, metabolic acidosis, Addison's disease, major burns ormuscle trauma, gastrointestinal bleeding, etc could lead to hyperkalemia (elevated blood potassium). Supplementing too much potassium may affect the balance of other electrolytes such as magnesium, sodium, chloride, etc, or it may cause irregular heartbeat, vomiting or diarrhea.

Potassium Sorbate is a potassium salt version of sorbic acid, a polyunsaturated fat used to inhibit mold growth. It is widely used in the food industry and few substances have had the kind of rigorous, extensive long-term testing tat sorbic acids and its salts have had. MedOp, Inc uses this mold inhibitor in our liquid formulas only.

Pyridoxine
See Vitamin B6